//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: DXUTMisc.cpp
//
// Shortcut macros and functions for using DX objects
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "dxut.h"
#include <xinput.h>
#define DXUT_GAMEPAD_TRIGGER_THRESHOLD      30
#undef min // use __min instead
#undef max // use __max instead

CDXUTTimer* WINAPI DXUTGetGlobalTimer()
{
    // Using an accessor function gives control of the construction order
    static CDXUTTimer timer;
    return &timer;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDXUTTimer::CDXUTTimer()
{
    m_bTimerStopped     = true;
    m_llQPFTicksPerSec  = 0;

    m_llStopTime        = 0;
    m_llLastElapsedTime = 0;
    m_llBaseTime        = 0;

    // Use QueryPerformanceFrequency to get the frequency of the counter
    LARGE_INTEGER qwTicksPerSec;
    QueryPerformanceFrequency( &qwTicksPerSec );
    m_llQPFTicksPerSec = qwTicksPerSec.QuadPart;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CDXUTTimer::Reset()
{
    LARGE_INTEGER qwTime = GetAdjustedCurrentTime();
    
    m_llBaseTime        = qwTime.QuadPart;
    m_llLastElapsedTime = qwTime.QuadPart;
    m_llStopTime        = 0;
    m_bTimerStopped     = FALSE;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CDXUTTimer::Start()
{
    // Get the current time
    LARGE_INTEGER qwTime;
    QueryPerformanceCounter( &qwTime );

    if( m_bTimerStopped )
        m_llBaseTime += qwTime.QuadPart - m_llStopTime;
    m_llStopTime = 0;
    m_llLastElapsedTime = qwTime.QuadPart;
    m_bTimerStopped = FALSE;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CDXUTTimer::Stop()
{
    if( !m_bTimerStopped )
    {
        LARGE_INTEGER qwTime;
        QueryPerformanceCounter( &qwTime );
        m_llStopTime = qwTime.QuadPart;
        m_llLastElapsedTime = qwTime.QuadPart;
        m_bTimerStopped = TRUE;
    }
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CDXUTTimer::Advance()
{
    m_llStopTime += m_llQPFTicksPerSec/10;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
double CDXUTTimer::GetAbsoluteTime()
{
    LARGE_INTEGER qwTime;
    QueryPerformanceCounter( &qwTime );

    double fTime = qwTime.QuadPart / (double) m_llQPFTicksPerSec;

    return fTime;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
double CDXUTTimer::GetTime()
{
    LARGE_INTEGER qwTime = GetAdjustedCurrentTime();

    double fAppTime = (double) ( qwTime.QuadPart - m_llBaseTime ) / (double) m_llQPFTicksPerSec;

    return fAppTime;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CDXUTTimer::GetTimeValues( double* pfTime, double* pfAbsoluteTime, float* pfElapsedTime )
{
    assert( pfTime && pfAbsoluteTime && pfElapsedTime );    

    LARGE_INTEGER qwTime = GetAdjustedCurrentTime();

    float fElapsedTime = (float) ((double) ( qwTime.QuadPart - m_llLastElapsedTime ) / (double) m_llQPFTicksPerSec);
    m_llLastElapsedTime = qwTime.QuadPart;

    // Clamp the timer to non-negative values to ensure the timer is accurate.
    // fElapsedTime can be outside this range if processor goes into a 
    // power save mode or we somehow get shuffled to another processor.  
    // However, the main thread should call SetThreadAffinityMask to ensure that 
    // we don't get shuffled to another processor.  Other worker threads should NOT call 
    // SetThreadAffinityMask, but use a shared copy of the timer data gathered from 
    // the main thread.
    if( fElapsedTime < 0.0f )
        fElapsedTime = 0.0f;
    
    *pfAbsoluteTime = qwTime.QuadPart / (double) m_llQPFTicksPerSec;
    *pfTime = ( qwTime.QuadPart - m_llBaseTime ) / (double) m_llQPFTicksPerSec;   
    *pfElapsedTime = fElapsedTime;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
float CDXUTTimer::GetElapsedTime()
{
    LARGE_INTEGER qwTime = GetAdjustedCurrentTime();

    double fElapsedTime = (float) ((double) ( qwTime.QuadPart - m_llLastElapsedTime ) / (double) m_llQPFTicksPerSec);
    m_llLastElapsedTime = qwTime.QuadPart;

    // See the explanation about clamping in CDXUTTimer::GetTimeValues()
    if( fElapsedTime < 0.0f )
        fElapsedTime = 0.0f;

    return (float)fElapsedTime;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// If stopped, returns time when stopped otherwise returns current time
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LARGE_INTEGER CDXUTTimer::GetAdjustedCurrentTime()
{
    LARGE_INTEGER qwTime;
    if( m_llStopTime != 0 )
        qwTime.QuadPart = m_llStopTime;
    else
        QueryPerformanceCounter( &qwTime );
    return qwTime;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool CDXUTTimer::IsStopped()
{
    return m_bTimerStopped;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Limit the current thread to one processor (the current one). This ensures that timing code 
// runs on only one processor, and will not suffer any ill effects from power management.
// See "Game Timing and Multicore Processors" for more details
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CDXUTTimer::LimitThreadAffinityToCurrentProc()
{
    HANDLE hCurrentProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
    
    // Get the processor affinity mask for this process
    DWORD_PTR dwProcessAffinityMask = 0;
    DWORD_PTR dwSystemAffinityMask = 0;
    
    if( GetProcessAffinityMask( hCurrentProcess, &dwProcessAffinityMask, &dwSystemAffinityMask ) != 0 && dwProcessAffinityMask )
    {
        // Find the lowest processor that our process is allows to run against
        DWORD_PTR dwAffinityMask = ( dwProcessAffinityMask & ((~dwProcessAffinityMask) + 1 ) );

        // Set this as the processor that our thread must always run against
        // This must be a subset of the process affinity mask
        HANDLE hCurrentThread = GetCurrentThread();
        if( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != hCurrentThread )
        {
            SetThreadAffinityMask( hCurrentThread, dwAffinityMask );
            CloseHandle( hCurrentThread );
        }
    }

    CloseHandle( hCurrentProcess );
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the string for the given D3DFORMAT.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LPCWSTR WINAPI DXUTD3DFormatToString( D3DFORMAT format, bool bWithPrefix )
{
    WCHAR* pstr = NULL;
    switch( format )
    {
    case D3DFMT_UNKNOWN:         pstr = L"D3DFMT_UNKNOWN"; break;
    case D3DFMT_R8G8B8:          pstr = L"D3DFMT_R8G8B8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_R5G6B5:          pstr = L"D3DFMT_R5G6B5"; break;
    case D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A4R4G4B4:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_A4R4G4B4"; break;
    case D3DFMT_R3G3B2:          pstr = L"D3DFMT_R3G3B2"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A8:              pstr = L"D3DFMT_A8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A8R3G3B2:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_A8R3G3B2"; break;
    case D3DFMT_X4R4G4B4:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_X4R4G4B4"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10:     pstr = L"D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A8B8G8R8:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_A8B8G8R8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_G16R16:          pstr = L"D3DFMT_G16R16"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A2R10G10B10:     pstr = L"D3DFMT_A2R10G10B10"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16:    pstr = L"D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A8P8:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_A8P8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_P8:              pstr = L"D3DFMT_P8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_L8:              pstr = L"D3DFMT_L8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A8L8:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_A8L8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A4L4:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_A4L4"; break;
    case D3DFMT_V8U8:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_V8U8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_L6V5U5:          pstr = L"D3DFMT_L6V5U5"; break;
    case D3DFMT_X8L8V8U8:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_X8L8V8U8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_Q8W8V8U8:        pstr = L"D3DFMT_Q8W8V8U8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_V16U16:          pstr = L"D3DFMT_V16U16"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A2W10V10U10:     pstr = L"D3DFMT_A2W10V10U10"; break;
    case D3DFMT_UYVY:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_UYVY"; break;
    case D3DFMT_YUY2:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_YUY2"; break;
    case D3DFMT_DXT1:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_DXT1"; break;
    case D3DFMT_DXT2:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_DXT2"; break;
    case D3DFMT_DXT3:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_DXT3"; break;
    case D3DFMT_DXT4:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_DXT4"; break;
    case D3DFMT_DXT5:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_DXT5"; break;
    case D3DFMT_D16_LOCKABLE:    pstr = L"D3DFMT_D16_LOCKABLE"; break;
    case D3DFMT_D32:             pstr = L"D3DFMT_D32"; break;
    case D3DFMT_D15S1:           pstr = L"D3DFMT_D15S1"; break;
    case D3DFMT_D24S8:           pstr = L"D3DFMT_D24S8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_D24X8:           pstr = L"D3DFMT_D24X8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_D24X4S4:         pstr = L"D3DFMT_D24X4S4"; break;
    case D3DFMT_D16:             pstr = L"D3DFMT_D16"; break;
    case D3DFMT_L16:             pstr = L"D3DFMT_L16"; break;
    case D3DFMT_VERTEXDATA:      pstr = L"D3DFMT_VERTEXDATA"; break;
    case D3DFMT_INDEX16:         pstr = L"D3DFMT_INDEX16"; break;
    case D3DFMT_INDEX32:         pstr = L"D3DFMT_INDEX32"; break;
    case D3DFMT_Q16W16V16U16:    pstr = L"D3DFMT_Q16W16V16U16"; break;
    case D3DFMT_MULTI2_ARGB8:    pstr = L"D3DFMT_MULTI2_ARGB8"; break;
    case D3DFMT_R16F:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_R16F"; break;
    case D3DFMT_G16R16F:         pstr = L"D3DFMT_G16R16F"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F:   pstr = L"D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F"; break;
    case D3DFMT_R32F:            pstr = L"D3DFMT_R32F"; break;
    case D3DFMT_G32R32F:         pstr = L"D3DFMT_G32R32F"; break;
    case D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F:   pstr = L"D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F"; break;
    case D3DFMT_CxV8U8:          pstr = L"D3DFMT_CxV8U8"; break;
    default:                     pstr = L"Unknown format"; break;
    }
    if( bWithPrefix || wcsstr( pstr, L"D3DFMT_" )== NULL )
        return pstr;
    else
        return pstr + lstrlen( L"D3DFMT_" );
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the string for the given DXGI_FORMAT.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LPCWSTR WINAPI DXUTDXGIFormatToString( DXGI_FORMAT format, bool bWithPrefix )
{
    WCHAR* pstr = NULL;
    switch( format )
    {
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G8X24_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32G8X24_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT_X8X24_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT_X8X24_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_X32_TYPELESS_G8X24_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_X32_TYPELESS_G8X24_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R11G11B10_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R11G11B10_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R32_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R24G8_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R24G8_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R24_UNORM_X8_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R24_UNORM_X8_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_X24_TYPELESS_G8_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_X24_TYPELESS_G8_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_D16_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_D16_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R16_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SINT: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8_SINT"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_A8_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_A8_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R1_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R1_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R9G9B9E5_SHAREDEXP: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R9G9B9E5_SHAREDEXP"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_B8G8_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_G8R8_G8B8_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_G8R8_G8B8_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM_SRGB: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM_SRGB"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_SRGB: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_SRGB"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_SRGB: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_SRGB"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_TYPELESS"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM"; break;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM: pstr = L"DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM"; break;
        default:                         pstr = L"Unknown format"; break;
    }
    if( bWithPrefix || wcsstr( pstr, L"DXGI_FORMAT_" ) == NULL )
        return pstr;
    else
        return pstr + lstrlen( L"DXGI_FORMAT_" );
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Outputs to the debug stream a formatted Unicode string with a variable-argument list.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID WINAPI DXUTOutputDebugStringW( LPCWSTR strMsg, ... )
{
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG)
    WCHAR strBuffer[512];
    
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, strMsg);
    StringCchVPrintfW( strBuffer, 512, strMsg, args );
    strBuffer[511] = L'\0';
    va_end(args);

    OutputDebugString( strBuffer );
#else
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(strMsg);
#endif
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Outputs to the debug stream a formatted MBCS string with a variable-argument list.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID WINAPI DXUTOutputDebugStringA( LPCSTR strMsg, ... )
{
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG)
    CHAR strBuffer[512];
    
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, strMsg);
    StringCchVPrintfA( strBuffer, 512, strMsg, args );
    strBuffer[511] = '\0';
    va_end(args);

    OutputDebugStringA( strBuffer );
#else
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(strMsg);
#endif
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Direct3D9 dynamic linking support -- calls top-level D3D9 APIs with graceful
// failure if APIs are not present.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Function prototypes
typedef IDirect3D9* (WINAPI * LPDIRECT3DCREATE9) (UINT);
typedef INT         (WINAPI * LPD3DPERF_BEGINEVENT)(D3DCOLOR, LPCWSTR);
typedef INT         (WINAPI * LPD3DPERF_ENDEVENT)(void);
typedef VOID        (WINAPI * LPD3DPERF_SETMARKER)(D3DCOLOR, LPCWSTR);
typedef VOID        (WINAPI * LPD3DPERF_SETREGION)(D3DCOLOR, LPCWSTR);
typedef BOOL        (WINAPI * LPD3DPERF_QUERYREPEATFRAME)(void);
typedef VOID        (WINAPI * LPD3DPERF_SETOPTIONS)( DWORD dwOptions );
typedef DWORD       (WINAPI * LPD3DPERF_GETSTATUS)( void );
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPCREATEDXGIFACTORY)(REFIID, void ** );
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10CREATEDEVICE)( IDXGIAdapter*, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE, HMODULE, UINT, UINT32, ID3D10Device** );
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10CREATESTATEBLOCK)( ID3D10Device *pDevice, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pStateBlockMask, ID3D10StateBlock **ppStateBlock );
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKUNION)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pA, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pB, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pResult);
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKINTERSECT)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pA, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pB, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pResult);
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDIFFERENCE)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pA, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pB, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pResult);
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKENABLECAPTURE)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask, D3D10_DEVICE_STATE_TYPES StateType, UINT RangeStart, UINT RangeLength);
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDISABLECAPTURE)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask, D3D10_DEVICE_STATE_TYPES StateType, UINT RangeStart, UINT RangeLength);
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKENABLEALL)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask);
typedef HRESULT     (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDISABLEALL)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask);
typedef BOOL        (WINAPI * LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKGETSETTING)(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask, D3D10_DEVICE_STATE_TYPES StateType, UINT Entry);


// Module and function pointers
static HMODULE s_hModD3D9 = NULL;
static LPDIRECT3DCREATE9 s_DynamicDirect3DCreate9 = NULL;
static LPD3DPERF_BEGINEVENT s_DynamicD3DPERF_BeginEvent = NULL;
static LPD3DPERF_ENDEVENT s_DynamicD3DPERF_EndEvent = NULL;
static LPD3DPERF_SETMARKER s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetMarker = NULL;
static LPD3DPERF_SETREGION s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetRegion = NULL;
static LPD3DPERF_QUERYREPEATFRAME s_DynamicD3DPERF_QueryRepeatFrame = NULL;
static LPD3DPERF_SETOPTIONS s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetOptions = NULL;
static LPD3DPERF_GETSTATUS s_DynamicD3DPERF_GetStatus = NULL;
static HMODULE s_hModDXGI = NULL;
static LPCREATEDXGIFACTORY s_DynamicCreateDXGIFactory = NULL;
static HMODULE s_hModD3D10 = NULL;
static LPD3D10CREATESTATEBLOCK s_DynamicD3D10CreateStateBlock = NULL;
static LPD3D10CREATEDEVICE s_DynamicD3D10CreateDevice = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKUNION s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskUnion = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKINTERSECT s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskIntersect = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDIFFERENCE s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDifference = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKENABLECAPTURE s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableCapture = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDISABLECAPTURE s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableCapture = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKENABLEALL s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableAll = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDISABLEALL s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableAll = NULL;
static LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKGETSETTING s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskGetSetting = NULL;


// Ensure function pointers are initialized
static bool DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs( void )
{
    // If the module is non-NULL, this function has already been called.  Note
    // that this doesn't guarantee that all ProcAddresses were found.
    if( s_hModD3D9 != NULL )
        return true;

    // This may fail if Direct3D 9 isn't installed
    s_hModD3D9 = LoadLibrary( L"d3d9.dll" );
    if( s_hModD3D9 != NULL )
    {
        s_DynamicDirect3DCreate9 = (LPDIRECT3DCREATE9)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "Direct3DCreate9" );
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_BeginEvent = (LPD3DPERF_BEGINEVENT)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "D3DPERF_BeginEvent" );
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_EndEvent = (LPD3DPERF_ENDEVENT)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "D3DPERF_EndEvent" );
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetMarker = (LPD3DPERF_SETMARKER)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "D3DPERF_SetMarker" );
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetRegion = (LPD3DPERF_SETREGION)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "D3DPERF_SetRegion" );
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_QueryRepeatFrame = (LPD3DPERF_QUERYREPEATFRAME)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "D3DPERF_QueryRepeatFrame" );
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetOptions = (LPD3DPERF_SETOPTIONS)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "D3DPERF_SetOptions" );
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_GetStatus = (LPD3DPERF_GETSTATUS)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D9, "D3DPERF_GetStatus" );
    }

    return s_hModD3D9 != NULL;
}

static bool DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs( void )
{
    // If any module is non-NULL, this function has already been called.  Note
    // that this doesn't guarantee that all ProcAddresses were found.
    if( s_hModD3D10 != NULL || s_hModDXGI != NULL )
        return true;

    // This may fail if Direct3D 10 isn't installed
    s_hModD3D10 = LoadLibrary( L"d3d10.dll" );
    if( s_hModD3D10 != NULL )
    {
        s_DynamicD3D10CreateStateBlock = (LPD3D10CREATESTATEBLOCK)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10CreateStateBlock" );
        s_DynamicD3D10CreateDevice = (LPD3D10CREATEDEVICE)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10CreateDevice" );
        
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskUnion = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKUNION)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskUnion" );
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskIntersect = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKINTERSECT)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskIntersect" );
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDifference = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDIFFERENCE)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskDifference" );
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableCapture = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKENABLECAPTURE)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskEnableCapture" );
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableCapture = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDISABLECAPTURE)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskDisableCapture" );
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableAll = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKENABLEALL)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskEnableAll" );
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableAll = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKDISABLEALL)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskDisableAll" );
        s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskGetSetting = (LPD3D10STATEBLOCKMASKGETSETTING)GetProcAddress( s_hModD3D10, "D3D10StateBlockMaskGetSetting" );
    }

    s_hModDXGI = LoadLibrary( L"dxgi.dll" );
    if( s_hModDXGI )
    {
        s_DynamicCreateDXGIFactory = (LPCREATEDXGIFACTORY)GetProcAddress( s_hModDXGI, "CreateDXGIFactory" );
    }

    return (s_hModDXGI!=NULL) && (s_hModD3D10!=NULL);
}

IDirect3D9 * WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_Direct3DCreate9(UINT SDKVersion) 
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicDirect3DCreate9 != NULL )
        return s_DynamicDirect3DCreate9( SDKVersion );
    else
        return NULL;
}

int WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3DPERF_BeginEvent( D3DCOLOR col, LPCWSTR wszName )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicD3DPERF_BeginEvent != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3DPERF_BeginEvent( col, wszName );
    else
        return -1;
}

int WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3DPERF_EndEvent( void )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicD3DPERF_EndEvent != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3DPERF_EndEvent();
    else
        return -1;
}

void WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3DPERF_SetMarker( D3DCOLOR col, LPCWSTR wszName )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetMarker != NULL )
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetMarker( col, wszName );
}

void WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3DPERF_SetRegion( D3DCOLOR col, LPCWSTR wszName )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetRegion != NULL )
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetRegion( col, wszName );
}

BOOL WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3DPERF_QueryRepeatFrame( void )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicD3DPERF_QueryRepeatFrame != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3DPERF_QueryRepeatFrame();
    else
        return FALSE;
}

void WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3DPERF_SetOptions( DWORD dwOptions )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetOptions != NULL )
        s_DynamicD3DPERF_SetOptions( dwOptions );
}

DWORD WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3DPERF_GetStatus( void )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D9APIs() && s_DynamicD3DPERF_GetStatus != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3DPERF_GetStatus();
    else
        return 0;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_CreateDXGIFactory( REFIID rInterface, void ** ppOut )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicCreateDXGIFactory != NULL )
        return s_DynamicCreateDXGIFactory( rInterface, ppOut );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10CreateDevice( IDXGIAdapter* pAdapter,
                                               D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType,
                                               UINT32 Flags,
                                               CONST void* pExtensions,
                                               UINT32 SDKVersion,
                                               ID3D10Device** ppDevice )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10CreateDevice != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10CreateDevice( pAdapter,
                                           DriverType,
                                           (HMODULE)0,
                                           Flags,
                                           SDKVersion,
                                           ppDevice );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10CreateStateBlock( ID3D10Device *pDevice, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pStateBlockMask, ID3D10StateBlock **ppStateBlock )
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10CreateStateBlock != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10CreateStateBlock( pDevice, pStateBlockMask, ppStateBlock );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskUnion(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pA, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pB, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pResult)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskUnion != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskUnion( pA, pB, pResult );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskIntersect(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pA, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pB, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pResult)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskIntersect != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskIntersect( pA, pB, pResult );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskDifference(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pA, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pB, D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pResult)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDifference != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDifference( pA, pB, pResult );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskEnableCapture(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask, D3D10_DEVICE_STATE_TYPES StateType, UINT RangeStart, UINT RangeLength)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableCapture != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableCapture( pMask, StateType, RangeStart, RangeLength );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskDisableCapture(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask, D3D10_DEVICE_STATE_TYPES StateType, UINT RangeStart, UINT RangeLength)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableCapture != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableCapture( pMask, StateType, RangeStart, RangeLength );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskEnableAll(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableAll != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskEnableAll( pMask );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

HRESULT WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskDisableAll(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableAll != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskDisableAll( pMask );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

BOOL WINAPI DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10StateBlockMaskGetSetting(D3D10_STATE_BLOCK_MASK *pMask, D3D10_DEVICE_STATE_TYPES StateType, UINT Entry)
{
    if( DXUT_EnsureD3D10APIs() && s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskGetSetting != NULL )
        return s_DynamicD3D10StateBlockMaskGetSetting( pMask, StateType, Entry );
    else
        return E_FAIL;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Trace a string description of a decl 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WINAPI DXUTTraceDecl( D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 decl[MAX_FVF_DECL_SIZE] )
{
    int iDecl=0;
    for( iDecl=0; iDecl<MAX_FVF_DECL_SIZE; iDecl++ )
    {
        if( decl[iDecl].Stream == 0xFF )
            break;

        DXUTOutputDebugString( L"decl[%d]=Stream:%d, Offset:%d, %s, %s, %s, UsageIndex:%d\n", iDecl, 
                    decl[iDecl].Stream,
                    decl[iDecl].Offset,
                    DXUTTraceD3DDECLTYPEtoString( decl[iDecl].Type ),
                    DXUTTraceD3DDECLMETHODtoString( decl[iDecl].Method ),
                    DXUTTraceD3DDECLUSAGEtoString( decl[iDecl].Usage ),
                    decl[iDecl].UsageIndex );
    }

    DXUTOutputDebugString( L"decl[%d]=D3DDECL_END\n", iDecl );
}

#define TRACE_ID(iD) case iD: return L#iD;

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WCHAR* WINAPI DXUTTraceWindowsMessage( UINT uMsg )
{
    switch( uMsg )
    {
        TRACE_ID(WM_NULL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CREATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DESTROY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MOVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SIZE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ACTIVATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SETFOCUS);
        TRACE_ID(WM_KILLFOCUS);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ENABLE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SETREDRAW);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SETTEXT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETTEXT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETTEXTLENGTH);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PAINT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CLOSE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_QUERYENDSESSION);
        TRACE_ID(WM_QUERYOPEN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ENDSESSION);
        TRACE_ID(WM_QUIT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ERASEBKGND);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SHOWWINDOW);
        TRACE_ID(WM_WININICHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DEVMODECHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ACTIVATEAPP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_FONTCHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_TIMECHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CANCELMODE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SETCURSOR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MOUSEACTIVATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CHILDACTIVATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_QUEUESYNC);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETMINMAXINFO);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PAINTICON);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ICONERASEBKGND);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NEXTDLGCTL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SPOOLERSTATUS);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DRAWITEM);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MEASUREITEM);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DELETEITEM);
        TRACE_ID(WM_VKEYTOITEM);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CHARTOITEM);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SETFONT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETFONT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SETHOTKEY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETHOTKEY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_QUERYDRAGICON);
        TRACE_ID(WM_COMPAREITEM);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETOBJECT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_COMPACTING);
        TRACE_ID(WM_COMMNOTIFY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING);
        TRACE_ID(WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED);
        TRACE_ID(WM_POWER);
        TRACE_ID(WM_COPYDATA);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CANCELJOURNAL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NOTIFY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_INPUTLANGCHANGEREQUEST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_TCARD);
        TRACE_ID(WM_HELP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_USERCHANGED);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NOTIFYFORMAT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CONTEXTMENU);
        TRACE_ID(WM_STYLECHANGING);
        TRACE_ID(WM_STYLECHANGED);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DISPLAYCHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETICON);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SETICON);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCCREATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCDESTROY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCCALCSIZE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCHITTEST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCPAINT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCACTIVATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_GETDLGCODE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SYNCPAINT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCMOUSEMOVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCLBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCRBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCMBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCMBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCMBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCXBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCXBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCXBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_INPUT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_KEYDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_KEYUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CHAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DEADCHAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SYSKEYDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SYSKEYUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SYSCHAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SYSDEADCHAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_UNICHAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_ENDCOMPOSITION);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_COMPOSITION);
        TRACE_ID(WM_INITDIALOG);
        TRACE_ID(WM_COMMAND);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SYSCOMMAND);
        TRACE_ID(WM_TIMER);
        TRACE_ID(WM_HSCROLL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_VSCROLL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_INITMENU);
        TRACE_ID(WM_INITMENUPOPUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MENUSELECT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MENUCHAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ENTERIDLE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MENURBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MENUDRAG);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MENUGETOBJECT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_UNINITMENUPOPUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MENUCOMMAND);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CHANGEUISTATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_UPDATEUISTATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_QUERYUISTATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CTLCOLORMSGBOX);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CTLCOLOREDIT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CTLCOLORLISTBOX);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CTLCOLORBTN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CTLCOLORDLG);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CTLCOLORSCROLLBAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC);
        TRACE_ID(MN_GETHMENU);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MOUSEMOVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_LBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_LBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_RBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_RBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MOUSEWHEEL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_XBUTTONDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_XBUTTONUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_XBUTTONDBLCLK);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PARENTNOTIFY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ENTERMENULOOP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_EXITMENULOOP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NEXTMENU);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SIZING);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CAPTURECHANGED);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MOVING);
        TRACE_ID(WM_POWERBROADCAST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DEVICECHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDICREATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDIDESTROY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDIACTIVATE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDIRESTORE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDINEXT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDIMAXIMIZE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDITILE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDICASCADE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDIICONARRANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDIGETACTIVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDISETMENU);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_EXITSIZEMOVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DROPFILES);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MDIREFRESHMENU);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_SETCONTEXT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_NOTIFY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_CONTROL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_COMPOSITIONFULL);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_SELECT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_CHAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_REQUEST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_KEYDOWN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_IME_KEYUP);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MOUSEHOVER);
        TRACE_ID(WM_MOUSELEAVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCMOUSEHOVER);
        TRACE_ID(WM_NCMOUSELEAVE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_WTSSESSION_CHANGE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_TABLET_FIRST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_TABLET_LAST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CUT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_COPY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PASTE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CLEAR);
        TRACE_ID(WM_UNDO);
        TRACE_ID(WM_RENDERFORMAT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_RENDERALLFORMATS);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DESTROYCLIPBOARD);
        TRACE_ID(WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PAINTCLIPBOARD);
        TRACE_ID(WM_VSCROLLCLIPBOARD);
        TRACE_ID(WM_SIZECLIPBOARD);
        TRACE_ID(WM_ASKCBFORMATNAME);
        TRACE_ID(WM_CHANGECBCHAIN);
        TRACE_ID(WM_HSCROLLCLIPBOARD);
        TRACE_ID(WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PALETTEISCHANGING);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PALETTECHANGED);
        TRACE_ID(WM_HOTKEY);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PRINT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PRINTCLIENT);
        TRACE_ID(WM_APPCOMMAND);
        TRACE_ID(WM_THEMECHANGED);
        TRACE_ID(WM_HANDHELDFIRST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_HANDHELDLAST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_AFXFIRST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_AFXLAST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PENWINFIRST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_PENWINLAST);
        TRACE_ID(WM_APP);
        default: return L"Unknown";
    }
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WCHAR* WINAPI DXUTTraceD3DDECLTYPEtoString( BYTE t )
{
    switch( t )
    {
        case D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT1: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT1";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT2: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT2";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_D3DCOLOR: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_D3DCOLOR";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_UBYTE4: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_UBYTE4";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT2: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT2";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT4: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT4";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_UBYTE4N: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_UBYTE4N";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT2N: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT2N";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT4N: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_SHORT4N";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_USHORT2N: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_USHORT2N";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_USHORT4N: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_USHORT4N";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_UDEC3: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_UDEC3";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_DEC3N: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_DEC3N";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT16_2: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT16_2";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT16_4: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT16_4";
        case D3DDECLTYPE_UNUSED: return L"D3DDECLTYPE_UNUSED";
        default: return L"D3DDECLTYPE Unknown";
    }
}

WCHAR* WINAPI DXUTTraceD3DDECLMETHODtoString( BYTE m )
{
    switch( m )
    {
        case D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT";
        case D3DDECLMETHOD_PARTIALU: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD_PARTIALU";
        case D3DDECLMETHOD_PARTIALV: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD_PARTIALV";
        case D3DDECLMETHOD_CROSSUV: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD_CROSSUV";
        case D3DDECLMETHOD_UV: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD_UV";
        case D3DDECLMETHOD_LOOKUP: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD_LOOKUP";
        case D3DDECLMETHOD_LOOKUPPRESAMPLED: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD_LOOKUPPRESAMPLED";
        default: return L"D3DDECLMETHOD Unknown";
    }
}

WCHAR* WINAPI DXUTTraceD3DDECLUSAGEtoString( BYTE u )
{
    switch( u )
    {
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_BLENDWEIGHT: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_BLENDWEIGHT";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_BLENDINDICES: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_BLENDINDICES";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_NORMAL: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_NORMAL";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_PSIZE: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_PSIZE";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_TANGENT: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_TANGENT";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_BINORMAL: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_BINORMAL";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_TESSFACTOR: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_TESSFACTOR";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITIONT: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITIONT";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_FOG: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_FOG";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_DEPTH: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_DEPTH";
        case D3DDECLUSAGE_SAMPLE: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE_SAMPLE";
        default: return L"D3DDECLUSAGE Unknown";
    }
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Multimon API handling for OSes with or without multimon API support
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define DXUT_PRIMARY_MONITOR ((HMONITOR)0x12340042)
typedef HMONITOR (WINAPI* LPMONITORFROMWINDOW)(HWND, DWORD);
typedef BOOL     (WINAPI* LPGETMONITORINFO)(HMONITOR, LPMONITORINFO);
typedef HMONITOR (WINAPI* LPMONITORFROMRECT)(LPCRECT lprcScreenCoords, DWORD dwFlags);

BOOL WINAPI DXUTGetMonitorInfo(HMONITOR hMonitor, LPMONITORINFO lpMonitorInfo)
{
    static bool s_bInited = false;
    static LPGETMONITORINFO s_pFnGetMonitorInfo = NULL;
    if( !s_bInited )        
    {
        s_bInited = true;
        HMODULE hUser32 = GetModuleHandle( L"USER32" );
        if (hUser32 ) 
        {
            OSVERSIONINFOA osvi = {0}; osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(osvi); GetVersionExA((OSVERSIONINFOA*)&osvi);
            bool bNT = (VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT == osvi.dwPlatformId);    
            s_pFnGetMonitorInfo = (LPGETMONITORINFO) (bNT ? GetProcAddress(hUser32,"GetMonitorInfoW") : GetProcAddress(hUser32,"GetMonitorInfoA"));
        }
    }

    if( s_pFnGetMonitorInfo ) 
        return s_pFnGetMonitorInfo(hMonitor, lpMonitorInfo);

    RECT rcWork;
    if ((hMonitor == DXUT_PRIMARY_MONITOR) && lpMonitorInfo && (lpMonitorInfo->cbSize >= sizeof(MONITORINFO)) && SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_GETWORKAREA, 0, &rcWork, 0))
    {
        lpMonitorInfo->rcMonitor.left = 0;
        lpMonitorInfo->rcMonitor.top  = 0;
        lpMonitorInfo->rcMonitor.right  = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
        lpMonitorInfo->rcMonitor.bottom = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
        lpMonitorInfo->rcWork = rcWork;
        lpMonitorInfo->dwFlags = MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY;
        return TRUE;
    }
    return FALSE;
}


HMONITOR WINAPI DXUTMonitorFromWindow(HWND hWnd, DWORD dwFlags)
{
    static bool s_bInited = false;
    static LPMONITORFROMWINDOW s_pFnGetMonitorFromWindow = NULL;
    if( !s_bInited )        
    {
        s_bInited = true;
        HMODULE hUser32 = GetModuleHandle( L"USER32" );
        if (hUser32 ) s_pFnGetMonitorFromWindow = (LPMONITORFROMWINDOW) GetProcAddress(hUser32,"MonitorFromWindow");
    }

    if( s_pFnGetMonitorFromWindow ) 
        return s_pFnGetMonitorFromWindow(hWnd, dwFlags);
    else
        return DXUT_PRIMARY_MONITOR;
}


HMONITOR WINAPI DXUTMonitorFromRect(LPCRECT lprcScreenCoords, DWORD dwFlags)
{
    static bool s_bInited = false;
    static LPMONITORFROMRECT s_pFnGetMonitorFromRect = NULL;
    if( !s_bInited )        
    {
        s_bInited = true;
        HMODULE hUser32 = GetModuleHandle( L"USER32" );
        if (hUser32 ) s_pFnGetMonitorFromRect = (LPMONITORFROMRECT) GetProcAddress(hUser32,"MonitorFromRect");
    }

    if( s_pFnGetMonitorFromRect ) 
        return s_pFnGetMonitorFromRect(lprcScreenCoords, dwFlags);
    else
        return DXUT_PRIMARY_MONITOR;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get the desktop resolution of an adapter. This isn't the same as the current resolution 
// from GetAdapterDisplayMode since the device might be fullscreen 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WINAPI DXUTGetDesktopResolution( UINT AdapterOrdinal, UINT* pWidth, UINT* pHeight )
{
    DXUTDeviceSettings DeviceSettings = DXUTGetDeviceSettings();

    WCHAR strDeviceName[256] = {0};
    DEVMODE devMode;
    ZeroMemory( &devMode, sizeof(DEVMODE) );
    devMode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE);
    if( DeviceSettings.ver == DXUT_D3D9_DEVICE )
    {
        CD3D9Enumeration* pd3dEnum = DXUTGetD3D9Enumeration();
        CD3D9EnumAdapterInfo* pAdapterInfo = pd3dEnum->GetAdapterInfo( AdapterOrdinal );
        if(pAdapterInfo)
        {
            MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, pAdapterInfo->AdapterIdentifier.DeviceName, -1, strDeviceName, 256 );
            strDeviceName[255] = 0;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        CD3D10Enumeration* pd3dEnum = DXUTGetD3D10Enumeration();
        CD3D10EnumOutputInfo* pOutputInfo = pd3dEnum->GetOutputInfo( AdapterOrdinal, DeviceSettings.d3d10.Output );
        StringCchCopy( strDeviceName, 256, pOutputInfo->Desc.DeviceName );
    }

    EnumDisplaySettings( strDeviceName, ENUM_REGISTRY_SETTINGS, &devMode );
    if( pWidth )
        *pWidth = devMode.dmPelsWidth;
    if( pHeight )
        *pHeight = devMode.dmPelsHeight;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Display error msg box to help debug 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT WINAPI DXUTTrace( const CHAR* strFile, DWORD dwLine, HRESULT hr,
                          const WCHAR* strMsg, bool bPopMsgBox )
{
    bool bShowMsgBoxOnError = DXUTGetShowMsgBoxOnError();
    if( bPopMsgBox && bShowMsgBoxOnError == false )
        bPopMsgBox = false;

    return DXTrace( strFile, dwLine, hr, strMsg, bPopMsgBox );
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WINAPI DXUTConvertDeviceSettings10to9( DXUTD3D10DeviceSettings* pIn, DXUTD3D9DeviceSettings* pOut )
{
    pOut->AdapterOrdinal = pIn->AdapterOrdinal;

    if( pIn->DriverType == D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE )
        pOut->DeviceType = D3DDEVTYPE_HAL;
    else if( pIn->DriverType == D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE )
        pOut->DeviceType = D3DDEVTYPE_REF;
    else if( pIn->DriverType == D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL )
        pOut->DeviceType = D3DDEVTYPE_NULLREF;

    pOut->AdapterFormat = ConvertFormatDXGIToD3D9( pIn->sd.BufferDesc.Format );
    pOut->BehaviorFlags = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
    pOut->pp.BackBufferWidth = pIn->sd.BufferDesc.Width;
    pOut->pp.BackBufferHeight = pIn->sd.BufferDesc.Height;
    pOut->pp.BackBufferFormat = ConvertFormatDXGIToD3D9( pIn->sd.BufferDesc.Format );
    pOut->pp.BackBufferCount = pIn->sd.BufferCount;
    pOut->pp.MultiSampleType = (D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE)pIn->sd.SampleDesc.Count;
    pOut->pp.MultiSampleQuality = pIn->sd.SampleDesc.Quality;
    pOut->pp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    pOut->pp.hDeviceWindow = pIn->sd.OutputWindow;
    pOut->pp.Windowed = pIn->sd.Windowed;
    pOut->pp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
    pOut->pp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24FS8;
    pOut->pp.Flags = 0;
    if( pIn->sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator == 0 )
        pOut->pp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 60;
    else
        pOut->pp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = pIn->sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator / pIn->sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator;

    switch( pIn->SyncInterval )
    {
        case 0: pOut->pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE; break;
        case 2: pOut->pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_TWO; break;
        case 3: pOut->pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_THREE; break;
        case 4: pOut->pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_FOUR; break;

        case 1: 
        default:
            pOut->pp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_DEFAULT; 
            break;
    }
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WINAPI DXUTConvertDeviceSettings9to10( DXUTD3D9DeviceSettings* pIn, DXUTD3D10DeviceSettings* pOut )
{
    pOut->AdapterOrdinal = pIn->AdapterOrdinal;

    if( pIn->DeviceType == D3DDEVTYPE_HAL )
        pOut->DriverType = D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE;
    else if( pIn->DeviceType == D3DDEVTYPE_REF )
        pOut->DriverType = D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE;
    else if( pIn->DeviceType == D3DDEVTYPE_NULLREF )
        pOut->DriverType = D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL;

    pOut->Output = 0;

    pOut->sd.BufferDesc.Width = pIn->pp.BackBufferWidth;
    pOut->sd.BufferDesc.Height = pIn->pp.BackBufferHeight;
    pOut->sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = pIn->pp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz;
    pOut->sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
    pOut->sd.BufferDesc.Format = ConvertFormatD3D9ToDXGI( pIn->pp.BackBufferFormat );

    if( pIn->pp.MultiSampleType == D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONMASKABLE )
    {
        pOut->sd.SampleDesc.Count = pIn->pp.MultiSampleQuality;
        pOut->sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        pOut->sd.SampleDesc.Count = pIn->pp.MultiSampleType;
        pOut->sd.SampleDesc.Quality = pIn->pp.MultiSampleQuality;
    }

    pOut->sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
    pOut->sd.BufferCount = pIn->pp.BackBufferCount;
    pOut->sd.OutputWindow = pIn->pp.hDeviceWindow;
    pOut->sd.Windowed = pIn->pp.Windowed;

#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG)  
    pOut->CreateFlags = D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#else
    pOut->CreateFlags = 0;
#endif

    switch( pIn->pp.PresentationInterval )
    {
        case D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE: pOut->SyncInterval = 0; break;
        case D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE:       pOut->SyncInterval = 1; break;
        case D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_TWO:       pOut->SyncInterval = 2; break;
        case D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_THREE:     pOut->SyncInterval = 3; break;
        case D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_FOUR:      pOut->SyncInterval = 4; break;

        case D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_DEFAULT: 
        default: 
            pOut->SyncInterval = 1;
            break;
    }

    pOut->PresentFlags = 0;
}


DXGI_FORMAT WINAPI ConvertFormatD3D9ToDXGI( D3DFORMAT fmt )
{
    switch( fmt )
    {
        case D3DFMT_UNKNOWN:        return DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
        case D3DFMT_R8G8B8:
        case D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8:
        case D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8:       return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_R5G6B5:         return DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5:
        case D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5:       return DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_A4R4G4B4:       return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_R3G3B2:         return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_A8:             return DXGI_FORMAT_A8_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_A8R3G3B2:       return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_X4R4G4B4:       return DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10:    return DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_A8B8G8R8:       
        case D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8:       return DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_G16R16:         return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_A2R10G10B10:    return DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16:   return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM;
        case D3DFMT_R16F:           return DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT;
        case D3DFMT_G16R16F:        return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT;
        case D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F:  return DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;
        case D3DFMT_R32F:           return DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT;
        case D3DFMT_G32R32F:        return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT;
        case D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F:  return DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;
    }
    return DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
}


D3DFORMAT WINAPI ConvertFormatDXGIToD3D9( DXGI_FORMAT fmt )
{
    switch( fmt )
    {
        case DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN:               return D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:        return D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:          return D3DFMT_R5G6B5;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM:        return D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_A8_UNORM:              return D3DFMT_A8;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:     return D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:        return D3DFMT_A8B8G8R8;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM:          return D3DFMT_G16R16;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM:    return D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT:             return D3DFMT_R16F;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT:          return D3DFMT_G16R16F;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:    return D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT:             return D3DFMT_R32F;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT:          return D3DFMT_G32R32F;
        case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT:    return D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F;
    }
    return D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IDirect3DDevice9* WINAPI DXUTCreateRefDevice9( HWND hWnd, bool bNullRef )
{
    HRESULT hr;
    IDirect3D9* pD3D = DXUT_Dynamic_Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION );
    if( NULL == pD3D )
        return NULL;

    D3DDISPLAYMODE Mode;
    pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(0, &Mode);

    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS pp;
    ZeroMemory( &pp, sizeof(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS) );
    pp.BackBufferWidth  = 1;
    pp.BackBufferHeight = 1;
    pp.BackBufferFormat = Mode.Format;
    pp.BackBufferCount  = 1;
    pp.SwapEffect       = D3DSWAPEFFECT_COPY;
    pp.Windowed         = TRUE;
    pp.hDeviceWindow    = hWnd;

    IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice = NULL;
    hr = pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, bNullRef ? D3DDEVTYPE_NULLREF : D3DDEVTYPE_REF,
                             hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &pp, &pd3dDevice );

    SAFE_RELEASE( pD3D );
    return pd3dDevice;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID3D10Device* WINAPI DXUTCreateRefDevice10( bool bNullRef )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    ID3D10Device* pDevice = NULL;
    hr = DXUT_Dynamic_D3D10CreateDevice(
            NULL,
            bNullRef ? D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL : D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE,
            0,
            0,
            D3D10_SDK_VERSION,
            &pDevice);
    return pDevice;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Helper function to launch the Media Center UI after the program terminates
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool DXUTReLaunchMediaCenter()
{
    // Get the path to Media Center
    WCHAR szExpandedPath[MAX_PATH];
    if( !ExpandEnvironmentStrings( L"%SystemRoot%\\ehome\\ehshell.exe", szExpandedPath, MAX_PATH) )
        return false;

    // Skip if ehshell.exe doesn't exist
    if( GetFileAttributes( szExpandedPath ) == 0xFFFFFFFF )
        return false;
 
    // Launch ehshell.exe 
    INT_PTR result = (INT_PTR)ShellExecute( NULL, TEXT("open"), szExpandedPath, NULL, NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
    return (result > 32);
}

typedef DWORD (WINAPI* LPXINPUTGETSTATE)(DWORD dwUserIndex, XINPUT_STATE* pState );
typedef DWORD (WINAPI* LPXINPUTSETSTATE)(DWORD dwUserIndex, XINPUT_VIBRATION* pVibration );
typedef DWORD (WINAPI* LPXINPUTGETCAPABILITIES)( DWORD dwUserIndex, DWORD dwFlags, XINPUT_CAPABILITIES* pCapabilities );
typedef void  (WINAPI* LPXINPUTENABLE)(BOOL bEnable);

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Does extra processing on XInput data to make it slightly more convenient to use
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT DXUTGetGamepadState( DWORD dwPort, DXUT_GAMEPAD* pGamePad, bool bThumbstickDeadZone, bool bSnapThumbstickToCardinals )
{
    if( dwPort >= DXUT_MAX_CONTROLLERS || pGamePad == NULL )
        return E_FAIL;

    static LPXINPUTGETSTATE s_pXInputGetState = NULL;
    static LPXINPUTGETCAPABILITIES s_pXInputGetCapabilities = NULL;
    if( NULL == s_pXInputGetState || NULL == s_pXInputGetCapabilities )
    {
        HINSTANCE hInst = LoadLibrary( XINPUT_DLL );
        if( hInst ) 
        {
            s_pXInputGetState = (LPXINPUTGETSTATE)GetProcAddress( hInst, "XInputGetState" );
            s_pXInputGetCapabilities = (LPXINPUTGETCAPABILITIES)GetProcAddress( hInst, "XInputGetCapabilities" );
        }
    }
    if( s_pXInputGetState == NULL )
        return E_FAIL;

    XINPUT_STATE InputState;
    DWORD dwResult = s_pXInputGetState( dwPort, &InputState );

    // Track insertion and removals
    BOOL bWasConnected = pGamePad->bConnected;
    pGamePad->bConnected = (dwResult == ERROR_SUCCESS);
    pGamePad->bRemoved  = (  bWasConnected && !pGamePad->bConnected );
    pGamePad->bInserted = ( !bWasConnected &&  pGamePad->bConnected );

    // Don't update rest of the state if not connected
    if( !pGamePad->bConnected )
        return S_OK;

    // Store the capabilities of the device
    if( pGamePad->bInserted )
    {
        ZeroMemory( pGamePad, sizeof(DXUT_GAMEPAD) );
        pGamePad->bConnected = true;
        pGamePad->bInserted  = true;
        if( s_pXInputGetCapabilities )
            s_pXInputGetCapabilities( dwPort, XINPUT_DEVTYPE_GAMEPAD, &pGamePad->caps );
    }

    // Copy gamepad to local structure (assumes that XINPUT_GAMEPAD at the front in CONTROLER_STATE)
    memcpy( pGamePad, &InputState.Gamepad, sizeof(XINPUT_GAMEPAD) );

    if( bSnapThumbstickToCardinals )
    {
        // Apply deadzone to each axis independantly to slightly snap to up/down/left/right
        if( pGamePad->sThumbLX < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbLX > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE )
            pGamePad->sThumbLX = 0;
        if( pGamePad->sThumbLY < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbLY > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE ) 
            pGamePad->sThumbLY = 0;
        if( pGamePad->sThumbRX < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbRX > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE )
            pGamePad->sThumbRX = 0;
        if( pGamePad->sThumbRY < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbRY > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE ) 
            pGamePad->sThumbRY = 0;
    }
    else if( bThumbstickDeadZone )
    {
        // Apply deadzone if centered
        if( (pGamePad->sThumbLX < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbLX > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE) && 
            (pGamePad->sThumbLY < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbLY > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE) ) 
        {   
            pGamePad->sThumbLX = 0;
            pGamePad->sThumbLY = 0;
        }
        if( (pGamePad->sThumbRX < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbRX > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE) && 
            (pGamePad->sThumbRY < XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE && pGamePad->sThumbRY > -XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB_DEADZONE) ) 
        {
            pGamePad->sThumbRX = 0;
            pGamePad->sThumbRY = 0;
        }
    }

    // Convert [-1,+1] range
    pGamePad->fThumbLX = pGamePad->sThumbLX / 32767.0f;
    pGamePad->fThumbLY = pGamePad->sThumbLY / 32767.0f;
    pGamePad->fThumbRX = pGamePad->sThumbRX / 32767.0f;
    pGamePad->fThumbRY = pGamePad->sThumbRY / 32767.0f;

    // Get the boolean buttons that have been pressed since the last call. 
    // Each button is represented by one bit.
    pGamePad->wPressedButtons = ( pGamePad->wLastButtons ^ pGamePad->wButtons ) & pGamePad->wButtons;
    pGamePad->wLastButtons    = pGamePad->wButtons;

    // Figure out if the left trigger has been pressed or released
    bool bPressed = ( pGamePad->bLeftTrigger > DXUT_GAMEPAD_TRIGGER_THRESHOLD );
    pGamePad->bPressedLeftTrigger = ( bPressed ) ? !pGamePad->bLastLeftTrigger : false;
    pGamePad->bLastLeftTrigger = bPressed;

    // Figure out if the right trigger has been pressed or released
    bPressed = ( pGamePad->bRightTrigger > DXUT_GAMEPAD_TRIGGER_THRESHOLD );
    pGamePad->bPressedRightTrigger = ( bPressed ) ? !pGamePad->bLastRightTrigger : false;
    pGamePad->bLastRightTrigger = bPressed;

    return S_OK;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Don't pause the game or deactive the window without first stopping rumble otherwise 
// the controller will continue to rumble
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DXUTEnableXInput( bool bEnable )
{
    static LPXINPUTENABLE s_pXInputEnable = NULL;
    if( NULL == s_pXInputEnable )
    {
        HINSTANCE hInst = LoadLibrary( XINPUT_DLL );
        if( hInst ) 
            s_pXInputEnable = (LPXINPUTENABLE)GetProcAddress( hInst, "XInputEnable" );
    }

    if( s_pXInputEnable )
        s_pXInputEnable( bEnable );
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Don't pause the game or deactive the window without first stopping rumble otherwise 
// the controller will continue to rumble
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT DXUTStopRumbleOnAllControllers()
{
    static LPXINPUTSETSTATE s_pXInputSetState = NULL;
    if( NULL == s_pXInputSetState )
    {
        HINSTANCE hInst = LoadLibrary( XINPUT_DLL );
        if( hInst ) 
            s_pXInputSetState = (LPXINPUTSETSTATE)GetProcAddress( hInst, "XInputSetState" );
    }
    if( s_pXInputSetState == NULL )
        return E_FAIL;

    XINPUT_VIBRATION vibration;
    vibration.wLeftMotorSpeed  = 0;
    vibration.wRightMotorSpeed = 0;
    for( int iUserIndex=0; iUserIndex<DXUT_MAX_CONTROLLERS; iUserIndex++ )
        s_pXInputSetState( iUserIndex, &vibration );

    return S_OK;
}

